Rx Note

Introduction Lipids, including cholesterol and triglycerides, are transported in the plasma as lipoproteins, of which there are 4 classes. Chylomicrons transport triglycerides and cholesterol from the gastrointestinal tract to the tissues, where triglyceride is split by lipoprotein lipase, releasing free fatty acids and glycerol which are taken up in muscle and adipose tissue. Chylomicron remnants are taken up in the liver, where cholesterol is stored, secreted in bile, oxidised to bile acids or converted into VLDLs. Very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) transport cholesterol and newly synthesised triglycerides to the tissues, where triglycerides are removed as before, leaving LDLs. Intermediate-density and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles with a large component of cholesterol; some cholesterol is taken up by the tissue and some by the liver, by endocytosis via specific LDL receptors. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles absorb cholesterol derived from cell breakdown in ...

Introduction Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been the leading cause of death in Malaysia for over a decade. CVD includes coronary heart disease (CHD), cerebrovascular disease (strokes) and peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The common cardiovascular risk factors include dyslipidemia, hypertension , diabetes mellitus , smoking and overweight/obesity Commonly used cut off values for dyslipidemia are Total cholesterol (TC) > 5.2 mmol/L High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) <1.0 mmol/L (males) or <1.2 mmol/L (females) Triglycerides (TG) >1.7 mmol/L Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels - will depend on the patient's CV risk Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is an important causal risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Higher lifelong exposure to LDL-C lead to acute coronary syndromes earlier in life. Measurement of Lipids A standard lipid profile includes measurement of plasma or serum TC, LDL-C, HDL-C and TG. LDL-C ...